Typical Questions and Answers Related to DBMS

This PDF contains objective questions and their answers related to Data Base Management System.

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Group Processes and Group Think

This ppt is all about Group Processes and dynamics related to group, what is group think, social dilemma etc.

    Group means there are

1.     Two or more individuals

2.     Interacting & interdependent

3.     Come together to achieve particular objectives.

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Foundation of Group Behavior

This ppt is all about Understanding the nature and types of groups, Recognize the assets and liabilities of groups

    Group means there are

1.     Two or more individuals

2.     Interacting & interdependent

3.     Come together to achieve particular objectives.

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Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture & LDP

Introduction

Conventional network forwarding

Each router analyzes the coming packet’s header and independently chooses a next hop. Routing algorithm and adequate speed are prerequisite.

MPLS forwarding

All forwarding is driven by the labels, no header analysis needed. Once a packet enters a network, it’s assigned a label. Each router forwards packets according their labels.

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Digital Logic Design

Introduction

n  Hardware consists of a few simple building blocks

Ø  These are called logic gates

n  AND, OR, NOT, …

n  NAND, NOR, XOR, …

n  Logic gates are built using transistors

n  NOT gate can be implemented by a single transistor

n  AND gate requires 3 transistors

n  Transistors are the fundamental devices

n  Pentium consists of 3 million transistors

n  Compaq Alpha consists of 9 million transistors

n  Now we can build chips with more than 100 million transistors

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Globalization and Economic Development

Introduction

•         Economics - The social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services and with the theory and management of economies or economic systems.

•         Macroeconomics - The study of the overall aspects and workings of a national economy, such as income, output, and the interrelationship among diverse economic sectors.

•        Megaeconomics – It studies the interaction of national economies through comparative analysis of the economic systems.

•         International Economics - A branch of economics that studies economic interactions among different countries, including foreign trade (exports and imports), foreign exchange (trading currency), balance of payments, and balance of trade. The study of interational economics focusses on two related areas - international trade and international finance.

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Communication and its Study

Overview

•         Communication Skills

•         Nonverbal communication

•         Oral communication

•         Written communication

•         Interpersonal Applications

•         Business Applications

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Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Introduction (Continued)

Simple Mechanisms – 3 links

l          Consider 3 links: M = 3(3-1) = 6

Ô      2 pin/slider joints plus 1 roll-sliding joint are necessary to limit it to 1 dof

Useful as cam mechanisms

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Kinematics and Dynamics of Machine Systems

l   Why?

The configuration of a mechanism changes in time based on
forces and motions applied to its components

l  Forces

§  Internal (reaction forces)

§  External, or applied forces (gravity, compliant forces, etc.)

l  Motions

§  Somebody prescribes the motion of a component of the mechanical system

l  Recall Finite Element Analysis, boundary conditions are of two types:

§  Neumann, when the force is prescribed

§  Dirichlet, when the displacement is prescribed

l  How?

                They move in a way that obeys Newton’s second law

l  Caveat: there are additional conditions (constraints) that need to be satisfies by the time evolution of these bodies, and these constraints come from the joints that connect the bodies (to be covered in detail later…)

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The Beauty of Law of Amalgamation

The beauty of ‘Law of Amalgamation’

Its known to all that the law of amalgamation, mergers & acquisition is little bit complicated and cumbersome. In this write-up an attempt is made to ease the law to reach the readers and to highlight the beauty of the relevant legal provisions.

Introduction:

The law relating to amalgamation is dealt with under Chapter V – Section 390 to 396A of Companies Act, 1956 and Rules 67 to 87 of Companies (Court) Rules, 1959. The term “amalgamation” or “merger” is not defined in the Companies Act 1956, thus we may define it as “transfer of assets and liabilities of one company (called as “transferor” company) to another company (called as “transferee” company) and the life of Transferor Company is usually ended with “dissolution without winding-up”. The term “merger” refers to the end result of amalgamation.

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Introduction to DBMS

—  An organized collection of related information  is called database.

—  A database is a collection of  information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.

—  E.g.:

Ø  Dictionary

Ø  Student Record Register

Ø  Address Book

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Data Base Administrator

Introduction to DBA:

—  Centralized control of the database is exerted by a person or group of persons under the supervision of a high-level administrator. This person or group is referred to as the database administrator (DBA).

—   They are the users who are most familiar with the database and are responsible for creating, modifying, and maintaining its three levels.

—  DBA is responsible for granting permission to the users of the database.

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Data Models

—   A Model is representation of reality, ’real world’ objects and events  and their associations.

—  A database model is an organizing principle that specifies particular mechanism of data storage and retrieval.

—  The model explains, in terms of services available to an interfacing application, how to access a data element when other related elements are known. 

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Architecture of DBMS

Introduction to DBMS Architecture

DBMS is a collection of programs that enable the users to create and maintain the database. Purpose of DBMS is to provide the user with the abstract view of database i.e. system does not provide all the details of the data, rather it hides the details how data is stored & maintained.  In order to use the system, data must be retrieved efficiently.This leads to the design of complex data structures in the database.

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Data Base Management System

SQL: - SQL is fourth generation non-procedural language. The SQL is further divided into three sub-languages for various purposes: -

1. DDL ( Data Definition Language)

2. DML ( Data Manipulation Language)

3. DCL ( Data Control Language)

1. Data Definition Language (DDL): - DDL provide following commands for

various purposes: -

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SQL-Queries

 SQL coins the term query as the name for its commands. Basically, all SQL code is written in the form of a query statement and then executed against a database. All SQL queries perform some type of data operation such as selecting data, inserting/updating data, or creating data objects such as SQL databases and SQL tables. Each query statement begins with a clause such as SELECT,UPDATE, CREATE or DELETE.

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The SQL Language

The SQL Language:

1) SQL is a tool for organizing, managing, and retrieving data stored by a computer database. The name "SQL" is the short form for Structured Query Language.

2) SQL is a computer language that you use to interact with a database. In fact, SQL works with one specific type of database, called a relational database.

3) The computer program that controls the database is called a database management system, or DBMS. Like MSSQL Server, MySql etc.

4) When you need to retrieve data from a database, you use the SQL language to make the request. The DBMS processes the SQL request, retrieves the requested data, and returns it to you. This process of requesting data from a database and receiving back the results is called a database query—hence the name Structured Query Language. 

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SQL-Views

What is view? 

A view is a "virtual table" in the database whose contents are defined by a query. To the database user, the view appears just like a real table, with a set of named columns and rows of data. But unlike a real table, a view does not exist in the database as a stored set of data values. Instead, the rows and columns of data visible through the view are the query results produced by the query that defines the view. SQL creates the illusion of the view by giving the view a name like a table name and storing the definition of the view in the database.

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SQL-An Introduction to SQL

SQL or Structured Query Language is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data inrelational database management systems (RDBMS).

Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control. SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's relational model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Despite not adhering to the relational model as described by Codd, it became the most widely used database language. Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative language, it also includes procedural elements. SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the International Organization for Standards (ISO) in 1987. Since then, the standard has been enhanced several times with added features. However, issues of SQL code portability between major RDBMS products still exist due to lack of full compliance with, or different interpretations of, the standard. Among the reasons mentioned are the large size and incomplete specification of the standard, as well as vendor lock-in.

This pdf by jntuworld.com gives a detailed introduction to this language which can become a part of your studies. To read further click on the following link below:

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DBMS Fundamentals- a complete set of PPTS

This rar by www.jntuworld.com presents you a set of PPT or notes for DBMS. To read further click on the following link below:
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Database Fundamentals- A Complete Set of Notes

Introduction

Importance: Database systems have become an essential component of life in modern society, in that many frequently occurring events trigger the accessing of at least one database: bibliographic library searches, bank transactions, hotel/airline reservations, grocery store purchases, etc., etc.

Traditional vs. more recent applications of databases:

The applications mentioned above are all "traditional" ones for which the use of rigidly-structured textual and numeric data suffices. Recent advances have led to the application of database technology to a wider class of data. Examples include multimediadatabases (involving pictures, video clips, and sound messages) and geographicdatabases (involving maps, satellite images).

Also, database search techniques are applied by some WWW search engines. 

This rar by jntuworld.com gives you a complete set of notes for DBMS. To read further click on the following link below:

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Database Fundamentals

What is Database?

General:

• A database is any collection of related data.

Restrictive:

• A database is a persistent, logically coherent collection of inherently meaningful data, relevant to some aspects of the real world.

This Pdf by Robert J. Robbins of Johns Hopkins University gives a thorough and detailed study of the database fundamentals. To read further click on the following link below:

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